Neue Artikel in Astronomy & Astrophysics Volume 688 (August 2024)
von Michael Johne ·
Zwischen dem 23.08.2024 und 30.08.2024 wurden in der Astronomy & Astrophysics Volume 688 (August 2024) 4 neue Artikel veröffentlicht.
Link: https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2024/08/aa50212-24/aa50212-24.html
Autoren: A. Leleu, J.-B. Delisle, L. Delrez, E. M. Bryant, A. Brandeker, H. P. Osborn, N. Hara, T. G. Wilson, N. Billot, M. Lendl, D. Ehrenreich, H. Chakraborty, M. N. Günther, M. J. Hooton, Y. Alibert, R. Alonso, D. R. Alves, D. R. Anderson, I. Apergis, D. Armstrong, T. Bárczy, D. Barrado Navascues, S. C. C. Barros, M. P. Battley, W. Baumjohann, D. Bayliss, T. Beck, W. Benz, L. Borsato, C. Broeg, M. R. Burleigh, S. L. Casewell, A. Collier Cameron, A. C. M. Correia, Sz. Csizmadia, P. E. Cubillos, M. B. Davies, M. Deleuil, A. Deline, O. D. S. Demangeon, B.-O. Demory, A. Derekas, B. Edwards, A. Erikson, A. Fortier, L. Fossati, M. Fridlund, D. Gandolfi, K. Gazeas, E. Gillen, M. Gillon, M. R. Goad, M. Güdel, F. Hawthorn, A. Heitzmann, Ch. Helling, K. G. Isaak, J. S. Jenkins, J. M. Jenkins, A. Kendall, L. L. Kiss, J. Korth, K. W. F. Lam, J. Laskar, D. W. Latham, A. Lecavelier des Etangs, D. Magrin, P. F. L. Maxted, J. McCormac, C. Mordasini, M. Moyano, V. Nascimbeni, G. Olofsson, A. Osborn, R. Ottensamer, I. Pagano, E. Pallé, G. Peter, G. Piotto, D. Pollacco, D. Queloz, R. Ragazzoni, N. Rando, H. Rauer, I. Ribas, G. Ricker, S. Saha, N. C. Santos, G. Scandariato, S. Seager, D. Ségransan, A. E. Simon, A. M. S. Smith, S. G. Sousa, M. Stalport, S. Sulis, Gy. M. Szabó, S. Udry, S. Ulmer-Moll, V. Van Grootel, R. Vanderspek, J. Venturini, E. Villaver, J. I. Vinés, N. A. Walton, R. G. West, P. J. Wheatley, J. Winn and T. Zivave
Kurztext: Context. The TOI-178 system consists of a nearby, late-K-dwarf with six transiting planets in the super-Earth to mini-Neptune regime, with radii ranging from to 2.9 R⊕ and orbital periods between 1.9 and 20.7 days. All the planets, but the innermost one, form a chain of Laplace resonances. The fine-tuning and fragility of such orbital configurations ensure that no significant scattering or collision event has taken place since the formation and migration of the planets in the protoplanetary disc, thereby providing important anchors for planet formation models.
Aims. We aim to improve the characterisation of the architecture of this key system and, in particular, the masses and radii of its planets. In addition, since this system is one of the few resonant chains that can be characterised by both photometry and radial velocities, we propose to use it as a test bench for the robustness of the planetary mass determination with each technique.
Methods. We performed a global analysis of all the available photometry from CHEOPS, TESS and NGTS, and radial velocity from ESPRESSO, using a photo-dynamical modelling of the light curve. We also tried different sets of priors on the masses and eccentricity, as well as different stellar activity models, to study their effects on the masses estimated by transit-timing variations (TTVs) and radial velocities (RVs).
Results. We demonstrate how stellar activity prevents a robust mass estimation for the three outer planets using radial velocity data alone. We also show that our joint photo-dynamical and radial velocity analysis has resulted in a robust mass determination for planets c to 𝑔, with precision of ~ 12% for the mass of planet c, and better than 10% for planets d to 𝑔. The new precisions on the radii range from 2 to 3%. The understanding of this synergy between photometric and radial velocity measurements will be valuable for the PLATO mission. We also show that TOI-178 is indeed currently locked in the resonant configuration, librating around an equilibrium of the chain.
Link: https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2024/08/aa50505-24/aa50505-24.html
Autoren: M. J. Hobson, F. Bouchy, B. Lavie, C. Lovis, V. Adibekyan, C. Allende Prieto, Y. Alibert, S. C. C. Barros, A. Castro-González, S. Cristiani, V. D’Odorico, M. Damasso, P. Di Marcantonio, X. Dumusque, D. Ehrenreich, P. Figueira, R. Génova Santos, E. A. Gilbert, J. I. González Hernández, J. Lillo-Box, G. Lo Curto, C. J. A. P. Martins, A. Mehner, G. Micela, P. Molaro, N. J. Nunes, E. Palle, F. Pepe, R. Rebolo, J. Rodrigues, N. Santos, S. G. Sousa, A. Sozzetti, A. Suárez Mascareño, H. M. Tabernero, S. Udry, M.-R. Zapatero Osorio, D. J. Armstrong, D. R. Ciardi, K. A. Collins, K. I. Collins, M. Everett, D. Gandolfi, S. B. Howell, J. M. Jenkins, J. Kielkopf, J. H. Livingston, M. B. Lund, I. Mireles, G. R. Ricker, R. P. Schwarz, S. Seager, T.-G. Tan, E. B. Ting and J. N. Winn
Kurztext: Context. Since 2018, the ESPRESSO spectrograph at the VLT has been hunting for planets in the southern skies via the radial velocity (RV) method. One of its goals is to follow up on candidate planets from transit surveys such as the TESS mission, with a particular focus on small planets for which ESPRESSO’s RV precision is vital.
Aims. We aim to confirm and characterise, in detail, three super-Earth candidate transiting planets from TESS using precise RVs from ESPRESSO.
Methods. We analysed photometry from TESS and ground-based facilities, high-resolution imaging, and RVs from ESPRESSO, HARPS, and HIRES, to confirm and characterise three new planets: TOI-260 b, transiting a late K dwarf, and TOI-286 b and c, orbiting an early K dwarf. We also updated the parameters for the known super-Earth TOI-134 b (L 168-9 b), which is hosted by an M dwarf.
Results. TOI-260 b has a 13.475853−0.000011+0.000013 d period, 4.23 ± 1.60 M⊕ mass, and 1.71 ± 0.08 R⊕ radius. For TOI-286 b we find a 4.5117244−0.0000027+0.0000031 d period, 4.53 ± 0.78 M⊕ mass, and 1.42 ± 0.10 R⊕ radius; for TOI-286 c, we find a 39.361826−0.000081+0.000070 d period, 3.72 ± 2.22 M⊕ mass, and 1.88 ± 0.12 R⊕ radius. For TOI-134 b we obtain a 1.40152604−0.00000082+0.00000074 d period, 4.07 ± 0.45 M⊕ mass, and 1.63 ± 0.14 R⊕ radius. Circular models are preferred for all the planets, although for TOI-260 b the eccentricity is not well constrained. We computed bulk densities and placed the planets in the context of composition models.
Conclusions. TOI-260 b lies within the radius valley, and is most likely a rocky planet. However, the uncertainty on the eccentricity and thus on the mass renders its composition hard to determine. TOI-286 b and c span the radius valley, with TOI-286 b lying below it and having a likely rocky composition, while TOI-286 c is within the valley, close to the upper border, and probably has a significant water fraction. With our updated parameters for TOI-134 b, we obtain a lower density than previous findings, giving a rocky or Earth-like composition.
Link: https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2024/08/aa50115-24/aa50115-24.html
Autoren: Helmut Wiesemeyer, Rolf Güsten, Paul Hartogh, Yoko Okada, Oliver Ricken and Jürgen Stutzki
Kurztext: The cosmic deuterium fraction, set by primordial nucleosynthesis and diminished by subsequent astration, is a valuable diagnostic tool to link the protosolar nebula to the history of star formation. However, in the present-day Solar System, the deuterium fraction in various carriers varies by more than an order of magnitude and reflects environmental conditions rather than the protosolar value. The latter is believed to be preserved in the atmospheres of the gas giant planets, yet determinations inferred from the CH3D/CH4 pair require a larger fractionation correction than those from HD/H2, which are close to unity. The question of whether a stratospheric emission feature contaminates the absorption profile forming in subjacent layers was never addressed, owing to the lack of spectral resolving power. Here we report on the determination of the Jovian deuterium fraction using the rotational ground-state line of HD (J = 1–0) at λ112 μm. Employing the GREAT heterodyne spectrometer on board SOFIA, we detected the HD absorption and, thanks to the high resolving power, a weak stratospheric emission feature underneath; the former is blue-shifted with respect to the latter. The displacement is attributed to a pressure-induced line shift and reproduced by dedicated radiative-transfer modeling based on recent line-profile parameters. Using atmospheric standard models, we obtained D/H = (1.9 ± 0.4) × 10−5, which agrees with a recent measurement in Saturn’s atmosphere and with the value inferred from solar-wind measurements and meteoritic data. The result suggests that all three measurements represent bona fide protosolar D/H fractions. As a supplement and test for the consistency of the layering assumed in our model, we provide an analysis of the purely rotational J = 6–5 line of CH4 (in the vibrational ground state, at λ 159 μm).
Link: https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2024/08/aa50472-24/aa50472-24.html
Autoren: J. A. Egger, H. P. Osborn, D. Kubyshkina, C. Mordasini, Y. Alibert, M. N. Günther, M. Lendl, A. Brandeker, A. Heitzmann, A. Leleu, M. Damasso, A. Bonfanti, T. G. Wilson, S. G. Sousa, J. Haldemann, L. Delrez, M. J. Hooton, T. Zingales, R. Luque, R. Alonso, J. Asquier, T. Bárczy, D. Barrado Navascues, S. C. C. Barros, W. Baumjohann, W. Benz, N. Billot, L. Borsato, C. Broeg, M. Buder, A. Castro-González, A. Collier Cameron, A. C. M. Correia, D. Cortes, Sz. Csizmadia, P. E. Cubillos, M. B. Davies, M. Deleuil, A. Deline, O. D. S. Demangeon, B.-O. Demory, A. Derekas, B. Edwards, D. Ehrenreich, A. Erikson, A. Fortier, L. Fossati, M. Fridlund, D. Gandolfi, K. Gazeas, M. Gillon, M. Güdel, Ch. Helling, K. G. Isaak, L. L. Kiss, J. Korth, K. W. F. Lam, J. Laskar, B. Lavie, A. Lecavelier des Etangs, C. Lovis, A. Luntzer, D. Magrin, P. F. L. Maxted, B. Merín, M. Munari, V. Nascimbeni, G. Olofsson, R. Ottensamer, I. Pagano, E. Pallé, G. Peter, D. Piazza, G. Piotto, D. Pollacco, D. Queloz, R. Ragazzoni, N. Rando, H. Rauer, I. Ribas, J. Rodrigues, N. C. Santos, G. Scandariato, D. Ségransan6, A. E. Simon, A. M. S. Smith, M. Stalport, S. Sulis, Gy. M. Szabó, S. Udry, V. Van Grootel, J. Venturini, E. Villaver and N. A. Walton
Kurztext: Multiplanetary systems spanning the radius valley are ideal testing grounds for exploring the different proposed explanations for the observed bimodality in the radius distribution of close-in exoplanets. One such system is HIP 29442 (TOI-469), an evolved K0V star hosting two super-Earths and one sub-Neptune. We observed HIP 29442 with CHEOPS for a total of 9.6 days, which we modelled jointly with two sectors of TESS data to derive planetary radii of 3.410 ± 0.046, 1.551 ± 0.045, and 1.538 ± 0.049 R⊕ for planets b, c, and d, which orbit HIP 29442 with periods of 13.6, 3.5, and 6.4 days, respectively. For planet d this value deviates by more than 3σ from the median value reported in the discovery paper, leading us to conclude that caution is required when using TESS photometry to determine the radii of small planets with low per-transit signal-to-noise ratios and large gaps between observations. Given the high precision of these new radii, combining them with published RVs from ESPRESSO and HIRES provides us with ideal conditions to investigate the internal structure and formation pathways of the planets in the system. We introduced the publicly available code plaNETic, a fast and robust neural network-based Bayesian internal structure modelling framework. We then applied hydrodynamic models to explore the upper atmospheric properties of these inferred structures. Finally, we identified planetary system analogues in a synthetic population generated with the Bern model for planet formation and evolution. Based on this analysis, we find that the planets likely formed on opposing sides of the water iceline from a protoplanetary disk with an intermediate solid mass. We finally report that the observed parameters of the HIP 29442 system are compatible with a scenario where the second peak in the bimodal radius distribution corresponds to sub-Neptunes with a pure H/He envelope and with a scenario with water-rich sub-Neptunes.
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